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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical area of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was constructed to fend off Viking invaders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. During this period the town was an active trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its very own harbour until 1775. The very first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh status was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of 3 major communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a great deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and a few of the most awful culprits were members of the nobility. According to records maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and also jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of an altercation between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his relative. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his buddies and also fans then assaulted Ogilvie with swords before chasing him right into the street and also completing him off with a gun shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was finally subjugated by the seven curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been built in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was restored into usage, till it was lost in a flood in 1773. A public conference was kept in 1800 and passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike road in between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway was in a depressing state of fixing. Later on 19th century transport renovations included the structure of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy and also Strathisla Railway in 1859 which connected to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was necessary to the herring profession, with production coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had actually declined to just over 8 thousand barrels. Currently, the languages talked in the community and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.