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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical area of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was built to push back Viking intruders and a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. Throughout this period the community was a hectic trading centre in the “totally free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its very own harbour till 1775. The initial documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of three primary towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a good deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also some of the most awful offenders were participants of the nobility. According to records kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse as well as jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of a run-in between Lord Banff and also James Ogilvie, his loved one. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends and also fans after that attacked Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and also completing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was ultimately subjugated by the seven arched bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been built in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was revived right into usage, up until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public conference was held in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing roadway remained in a depressing state of repair work. Later on 19th century transportation enhancements included the structure of two train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring trade, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, nonetheless by 1912 manufacturing had declined to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the town and also in its vicinity tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.